Anti-cancer Drug Targeting AFR Receptor

Hostile to disease Drug Targeting AFR Receptor Results 1a 1b Figure 1 Cell reasonability information dependent on the utilization of the XTT test Two distinctive lung tumor cell lines were tried: one communicating the transformed AFR receptor (blue line) and one that communicates wild-type AFR (orange line). Figure 1a spoke to AFR lung malignant growth cell line with Drug X and figure1b spoke to AFR lung disease cell line with sedate Y. Cells were seeded in wells of a 96 well plate at 3 x 10*4 cells/a long time before treatment with the medications at the demonstrated fixations for 72 hours (triplicate tests at every focus). XTT test reagent was then added to the wells and the absorbance estimated at 450 nm. Control wells (no cells) contained medium however no cells. The Cell Proliferation XTT measure is a colorimetric test for the nonradioactive examination of cell multiplication, practicality, measurement of cytotoxic and cytostatic mixes like anticancer medications and pharmaceutical mixes, assessment of development inhibitory antibodies and physiological middle people that ready to repress cell development (Sigma-Aldrich, 2016). Test is disciple or suspension which refined in 96-well microplates. An anecdotal receptor (AFR) was focused by hostile to disease medication to repress the changed AFR work, causing an enemy of proliferative impact and even cell demise. XTT ((2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)- 2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide)) test was utilized to quantify cell suitability in the two distinctive lung tumor cell lines, one communicating the changed AFR receptor (AFR mut) and one that communicates wild-type (AFR wt). Medication Y was seen to upset malignant growth cell development portion conditionally (Figure 1). The measure of watched absorbance increments with cell number and hatching time for 72hours when a most extreme absorbance level is reached. The plot of the XTT test information ought to make a bend with a straight part. This zone displays the most noteworthy affectability to changes created by the test boundaries. Building up the XTT test information for treatment of AFR changed and AFR wild-type lung malignancy cell line with sedate X from 0nm to 1600nm (Figure 1a), It was delineated that the cell feasibility of transformed AFR expanded extensively from 1.1 to 1.3 somewhere in the range of 0nm and 800nm and afterward turned out to be consistent at roughly 1.4 from 800nm to 1600nm. Contrasted and the wild sort of AFR (Figure1a), the pattern of the line was like the changed one however the cell suitability was first rised from 0.9 to 1.2 somewhere in the range of 0nm and 800nm lastly showed lost linearity when more noteworthy than 800nm. The lung disease cell line with sedate X spoke to a cell multiplication test on the grounds that the absorbance estimations of the changed one were more prominent than control conditions, speaking to an expansion in cell expansion and practicality. Then again, researching the XTT measure information for treatment of AFR changed and AFR wild-type lung malignant growth cell line with sedate Y from 0nm to 1600nm, It was demonstrated that the cell suitability of transformed AFR began at about 1.1 from 0nm to 50nm and afterward happened an emotional drop from 1.1 to 0.1 between 50nm to 400nm lastly lied on 0.03 at 1600nm (Figure1b). Contrasted and the wild kind of AFR (Figure1b), the line was likewise diminishing yet indicated a totally extraordinary pattern. The cell reasonability diminished from 0.89 to 0.88 somewhere in the range of 0nm and 800nm steadily and afterward displayed a critical drop when more prominent than 800nm lastly lied on 0.8 of 1600nm. The lung malignancy cell line with medicate Y spoke to a cell apoptosis measure as the absorbance esteems were lower than control conditions, indicating a diminishing in cell multiplication and came about because of cell corruption or apoptosis. From the information investigation, sedate Y was effectively tried to restrain the capacity of transformed AFR which have an enemy of proliferative impact to cause cell demise and medication Y could be advanced for additional testing. Figure 2 Flow cytometry apoptosis information: Annexin V - FITC (x pivot) and propidium iodide (Y hub) Â â The proapoptotic impact of medication X and Y. The AFRmut cell line was treated with each medication at a grouping of 800 nM for 24 hours. The cells were reaped, resuspended in cradle and afterward rewarded with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Cytograms of annexin-V-FITC official against PI take-up show three populaces: (I) feasible cells (low FITC and low PI signal) in door Lower Left; (ii) early apoptotic cells (high FITC and low PI signal) in entryway Lower Right and (iii) cells that lost layer respectability which brings about late apoptosis (high FITC and high PI signal) in entryway Upper Right. The level of cell passing increments in the tumor malignant growth cell line of medication Y, as exhibited by fuse of Annexin V. The restraint of cell expansion brought about by AFRmut was identified with the apoptosis enlistment. Apoptosis is modified as cell demise which is significant being developed, in typical capacity of specific tissues and in the reaction to the harm. Apoptosis includes occasions which brings about the obliteration of cell. Annexin V - FITC is a protein that ties to phosphotidylserine which can be marked and used to distinguish apoptotic cells. The stream cytometry apoptosis information was plotted on a dab plot and the lower left was spoken to the practical cells while the upper right and the lower right were spoken to the dead cells and the apoptotic cells separately. From the apoptosis information (Figure2), it was seen that the untreated condition demonstrated 77% suitable cells and 21% of apoptotic impact. When AFRmut was treated with medicate X, the feasible cells were expanded by 19% and the apoptotic impact was to a great extent diminished to 3%. Conversely, the joining with tranquilize Y lead to extensive enemy of proliferative impact where 58% of apoptotic cells were watched and feasible cells just stayed as 40%. Identified with the enlistment of modified cell passing, most of cells from the two tumor cell lines were alive upon bearer treatment, the utilization of AFRmut lead to the passage of these cells into apoptosis with fuse of Annexin V. The treatment of medication Y indicated a noteworthy apoptotic impact than the medication X, which can possibly hinder the capacity of changed AFR and results in hostile to proliferative impact. Figure 3 Flow cytometry cell cycle information: x-pivot shows propidium iodide fluorescence and y-hub shows the quantity of cells The AFRmut cell line was treated with tranquilize X and Y at a grouping of 800 nM for 24 hours and afterward fixed with ethanol and recolored with propidium iodide before examination in a stream cytometer. Rewarding with medicate Y demonstrated no cells in G2/M stage. The hindrance of cell multiplication prompted by AFRmut was associated with cell cycle which was assessed with propidium iodide by stream cytometry. Cell cycle showed the cell movement through a division cycle which bring about cell development and detachment into two girl cells. Live cell perception of cell DNA and appropriation of cell cycle are important to control apoptosis, and furthermore the tumor conduct and silencer quality frameworks. Cells would be dispersed into three periods of cell cycle: G0/G1 stage (2N), S stage (DNA amalgamation with different DNA), and G2/M stage (4N) to recognize apoptotic cells with fractional DNA content desirablyã‚â (Krishnakumar R, Kraus W ,2010). Propidium iodide fluorescence was required stuck these activities to scrape DNA. From the stream cytometry results by histogram (figure 3), the untreated condition demonstrated 42% of cells in G0/G1 stage while 31% in S stage and 27% in G2/M stage. At the point when the AFRmut was treated with tranquilize X, the cell number in G1 stage dropped by 7% while there was increment of 6% in S Phase. DNA replication happens all the more adequately during S stage. Tumor cells with a higher extent of cells in S stage as tumors were growed quicker and increasingly forceful in that stage so sedate X prompted expansion of transformed AFR. In any case, the expansion of medication Y caused powerful enemy of multiplication impact by expanding the cell numbers in G1 stage from 42% to 86% since the cell has left the cycle and has quit isolating. There was increment in the cell numbers and develop in size. The decline from 31% to 14% for S stage showed the insufficient DNA replication. Besides, there was no cells seen in G2/M stage when rewarded with sedate Y which spoke to the exp anding quantities of apoptotic cells and the G2/M stage capture, which bombed the mitosis movement. Conversation Medication Y can be a powerful anticancer medication which targets changed AFR and restrain its capacity to lead an enemy of proliferative impact. In the current investigation, two lung tumor cell lines, transformed AFR receptor (AFRmut) and wild-type AFR (AFRwt), Drug Y was discovered that it could repress the development of the AFR in vitro. The IC50 estimations of AFRmut and AFRwt were with a similar scope of 450nm. Moreover, the cell cycle uncovered that Drug Y captured transformed AFR at S stage and G2/M stage. Besides, the information exhibited that Drug Y initiated apoptosis in the instrument evaluated by 3 distinct techniques: cell practicality measure, apoptosis test and the cell pattern of stream cytometry. Taken together, these outcomes recommend that the inhibitory impact of Drug Y on cell multiplication in changed AFR is intervened through acceptance of cell cycle capture and apoptotic cell passing. The restriction is the stream cytometry are just approve the general plenitudes of cell cycle stages contrasted with another (Dick FA, Dyson NJ, 2002). These activities can be inspected by assessing an arrange test of cells with mitotic inhibitor like nocodazole or G1/S inhibitor like aphidicolin. As these medications set up a common capture in M-stage or early S-stage as needs be, decently multiplying cells will accumulate at the medication induced capture area. For example, cells captured in G1 BY pRB articulation will remain in G1 stage paying little heed to nocodazole treatment in any event, managing cells will amass in M-phase[13] By and large, the information showed sedate Y can build up an enemy of malignant growth medicate that objectives a receptor called AFR (A Fiction

Meiji Restoration essays

Meiji Restoration papers The Meiji Restoration was a progressive period during which Japan was changed from a primitive state into a cutting edge state. The opening of Japan's ports to Western pioneer armadas indicated the shortcoming of Tokugawa and activated patriot developments. In 1867 expert supreme daimyo recommended that Tokugawa Yoshinobu should surrender his place and recognize magnificent power. He consented to step down, yet radicals held onto his castle on January 3, 1868 and declared reclamation under Emperor Meiji. The period when Meiji was reestablished Japan was a militarily powerless nation, essentially agrarian, and had minimal innovative turn of events. With an end goal to change and fortify Japan, the progressive heads propelled a progression of efficient and social changes. A huge number of individuals were unexpectedly allowed to pick their occupation and move without limitations. The legislature began building railroads and transportation lines, phone and broadcast frameworks, shipyards, and numerous customer enterprises. The administration additionally presented a constitution by making a chosen Parliament called the Diet to win the regard of Westerners and produce a decent situation for national development. Japan changed the whole lawful framework to make Westerns amend the inconsistent settlements which were marked in 1850s. In 1894 Westerners consented to amend the arrangements and recognize Japan as an equivalent country. The constitution finished differentiations among classes a nd made individuals amass in building another country. Moreover, the administration set up new colleges and new schools to show individuals the cutting edge innovation. Meiji employed western educators to aid Japanese schools. Understudies were sent to Europe and the United States to contemplate current science and innovation. Meiji government made a solid military to battle outsiders and catch new domains. It was basic to have a solid military to remain shielded from outside attack and demonstrate its capacity to different countries. Japa... <!

Youre at SIPA but want to learn another language COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Youre at SIPA but want to learn another language COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Theres a Columbia University fellowship available for SIPA students who are interested in advancing their language proficiency. The Foreign Language Area Studies (FLAS) Fellowship program is predicated on the belief that the well-being of the United States, its economy, and its long-range security depend on proper education and training of Americans in international and foreign language studies. FLAS fellowships strengthen the nations ability to compete effectively in the modern world by promoting foreign language competence and area and international knowledge and by ensuring the continuation of area expertise in a variety of fields. The FLAS fellowship competition is open to both undergraduate and graduate students of Columbia University who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents who are enrolled in a full-time program that combines modern foreign language training with international studies or area studies. The FLAS award offers fellowship assistance to students undergoing beginning, intermediate, or advanced training in modern foreign languages and related international or area studies. AWARD FLAS Fellowships are contingent upon funding from the U.S. Department of Education. The Estimated FLAS grant amount is:   Graduate students tuition grant is $18,000 and the stipend is $15,000 Remaining tuition, health service fee and medical insurance (basic coverage only) can be covered by the students’ school of enrollment within Columbia University (ex. GSAS, SIPA, TC). Please check with your school’s financial aid offices.   The FLAS fellowship does not cover any miscellaneous fees, such as computer lab fee, student activity fee and university facility fee, etc. USE OF FUNDS FOR OVERSEAS FELLOWSHIP With the approval from the United States Department of Education, Academic Year FLAS awards may be used for full-time dissertation research provided that the student is at the advanced level of language proficiency. The use of the foreign language in dissertation research must be extensive enough to be able to consider the language improvement facilitated by the research equal to improvement that would be obtained from a full academic year’s worth of formal classroom instruction. Please note that since the FLAS program is for language acquisition. Use of the FLAS fellowship for dissertation research is not encouraged by the U.S. Department of Education. The U.S. Department of Education prefers that students apply to the Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad. All overseas programs of study must be at the intermediate or advanced level of language proficiency and must be approved by the United States Department of Education at least thirty (30) days prior to the start of the program. SUMMER: The Summer FLAS Fellowship competition is open to undergraduate (including Barnard College) and graduate students, including Ph.D. candidates, who are U.S. citizens, nationals, or permanent residents who are accepted for enrollment or enrolled in a formal program of intensive language study. The Summer FLAS fellowship tuition grant is up to $5,000 and a $2,500 stipend for undergraduate and graduate students.   Combined tuition and fees cannot exceed $5,000. The summer language course studied under the Summer FLAS fellowship must be the equivalent of an academic year course, at least 140 credit or contact hours (120 at advanced level), and a minimum of six (6) weeks in length. All overseas programs of study must be at the intermediate or advanced level (graduate students) of language proficiency or at the beginning level if an appropriate beginning level is not available in the United States and all overseas language programs must be approved by the United States Department of Education at least thirty (30) days prior to the start of the program. Please provide any relevant program brochures, web sites and/or documentation with your application. Summer FLAS is not available for dissertation research. The application deadline for the FLAS fellowship is Friday, February 28, 2014, at 11:59 p.m. EST. For more information, see the GSAS website, or contact GSAS at gsas-finaid@columbia.edu.

Homosexuality And Its Effects On Society Essay - 870 Words

Homosexuality is genetic! How can this statement be true? It is indeed true in the precise fact that Romans 3:23 points out, â€Å"For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.† Humanity has been cursed with being genetically embedded with sin and a sinful nature. The current worldview is that homosexuality and multiple sexual orientations come from nature, and not nurture. This viewpoint is correct in that it is human nature to sin and seek out one’s own selfish desire. Only, what is not being prescribed is the remedy for this sin. â€Å"Think carefully about what is right, and stop sinning. For to your shame I say that some of you don t know God at all.† (1 Corinthians 15:34 NLT) What the world has done is celebrate this sin and deceive youth through their much wanted desire for acceptance and identity. There is a plentiful amount of research out there, along with world definitions of each orientation, and a call to acceptance of others’ orient ations. There is also the other side of the argument and the fundamental truths that come from the word of God. Copious amounts of resources are available to help youth leaders, teachers, parents and pastors to have a higher understanding of this cultural issue and the solutions and treatments available for youth struggling in this area. Spiritual leaders in the home, church, and schools ought to be prepared to teach on these topics readily, as this world, in which the youth immerse themselves in daily, will readily present theirShow MoreRelatedHomosexuality And Its Effect On Society924 Words   |  4 Pages However, homosexuality can also be defined as a sin. First Corinthians 6:18, â€Å"Flee from sexual immorality. Every other sin a person commits is outside the body, but the sexual immoral person sins against his own body.† Many people look down on homosexuality because it is unmoral. This immorality caused great debates, and stirred up hatred between various individuals . Furthermore, these arguments forced homosexuals to fight for acceptance and equality across the nation. Homosexuality was anotherRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effect On Society896 Words   |  4 Pagesnecessary to write an article on the subject of homosexuality. It wasn’t a topic that was discussed in public, it was illegal, against the law and those who were engaged in any type of same sex relationship did so quietly and discreetly and largely away from the public eye. That was to change dramatically with the increase of Postmodernism, as a more tolerant and inclusive society emerged, the subject of homosexuality was brought out into the open and society had to deal with it. At first there was a clearRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe and have debated whether or not homosexuality is a choice that one freely makes, while others believe a combination of genetics, hormones and environment have a factor in one’s sexuality and sexual development. Homosexuality is something one cannot choose to be. Primarily, homosexuality can be defined as a romantic or sexual attraction that involves people of the same gender. Male homosexuals are referred to as gays while the female ones are called lesbians. Ideally, since timeRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society1387 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality remains a sensitive matter to the heart of individuals in America. From the past to the present, protests, debates, and laws have showered American history, showing a divided nation to eyes from the outside. However, with the growing exposure to homosexuality in this nation, it is becoming more clear that Americans are expressing and accepting it as a society norm. Of course, this spectacle started way back when Moses scribbled down the Lord’s word and created the book of LeviticusRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effect On Society Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality has existed going back to 600 BC or maybe even longer. It was never accepted in cultures all over the world until 2000. In recent years the United States has legally accepted same sex marriage by a Supreme Court ruling. The reasoning behind why it was never accepted were various different reasons. Some of those reasons are tied into religion, taboo due to the norms, or from an individual’s personality. From these major reasons, it has caused homosexuals to be discriminated from verbalRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society1502 Words   |  7 PagesHomosexuality has been defined and constructed around the character of sexual identity, whether by nature or nurture, biology or culture, genetics or environment. In researching this topic you will find that homosexuals were quite comfortable in Germany prior to 1933 and their persecution by the Nazi’s. The discrimination and persecutions of homosexual was traumatic and continued many years after German liberation, and even the unification of Germany. The term homosexuality did not seem to be presentRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society2470 Words   |  10 Pages Homosexuality is genetic! How can this statement be true? It is indeed true in the precise fact that Romans 3:23 points out, â€Å"for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,† Humanity has been cursed with being genetically embedded with sin and a sinful nature. The current worldview is that homosexuality and multiple sexual orientations come from nature, and not nurture. This viewpoint is correct in that it is human nature to sin and seek out one’s own selfish desire. However, No one isRead MoreHomosexuality Is Not a Psychological Disorder Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesHomosexuality is not a psychological disorder†¦ In the past, homosexuality was considered to be a psychological disorder, up until the APA removed it from its list of mental illnesses. This was due to the fact that homosexuality causes no form of impairment on the individual’s judgment, stability, reliability, or general social and or vocational abilities. This decision made over 30 years ago, has caused a lot of criticism, many believe that the APA’s decision was made due to the amount of influenceRead MoreThe Relationship Between Religious Institutions And Society1456 Words   |  6 Pagesresolution within the Catholic Church about homosexuality has also reopened the original debate on the propriety of a coexisting homosexual Christian. This has been a concern in not only the Catholic Church, but sub-religions within the entire Christian community. It is interesting to comprehend the relationship between religious organizations and society—mainly how one influences the other in doctrines, values, and belief s, specifically in regards to homosexuality. Regarding the relationship betweenRead MoreThe s Natural Law Theory1219 Words   |  5 Pagesadapting to society s views by my fellow classmate’s discussions and posts. The specific challenges that I will discuss are: Birth control, cloning, genetic engineering, and homosexuality. Hopefully by the end of this paper I would have given you enough explanation to why I agree or disagree with these scientific enhancements that are occurring in the world today. In order to get my point across I will discuss the challenges in a different view, why they are considered moral in today’s society, and why

My Best Friend Growing Up - 1091 Words

Running head: TEACHING PAPER 1 Pharmacology Teaching Paper Kendra Holdener Maryville University INTRODUCTION Kasia was and still is my best friend growing up. We had gone on several vacations together with each other’s families. Then there was one vacation that I went with her on right before our senior year of high school. Her family has a passion for flying, they have three planes now and Kasia had planned on becoming a commercial pilot. Because of their passion for flying they go to Oshkosh, Wisconsin every summer for the EAA AirVenture, which is a big flight convention outdoors. I went with them one year and I started to notice some things with Kasia. I noticed that she was constantly going to the bathroom and with every glass of water I had she would have had three. I pointed this out to her and told her that she should go see a doctor. I did not know what was wrong with her I just knew there was something wrong with her. Six months later she went to the doctor for a flight physical to make sure she was healthy enough to become a pilot. They tested her blood sugar and it was in the 700s. On April 23 2014 Kasia was diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes is when someone becomes dependent on insulin in order to keep them from becoming hyperglycemic. Type 1 Diabetes occurs when the beta cells in the pancreas destroy themselves or the immune system attacks them and kills them (Sommers, 2015). This form of diabetes is not caused by obesity andShow MoreRelatedGrowing Up, Those Three Were My Best Friends1174 Words   |  5 PagesMilow, Mino and Milena. Growing up, those three were my best friends. From a young age, I have distinct memories of my daily ritual with them. I would play house and when I heard footsteps coming toward my door, I knew it would be mom would be saying that she had made dinner. I would say goodbye and leave my room, meeting my mom before she came in. 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I’m from a nuclear family and my best friend is from a divorced family. â€Å"Some people still think the average American family consists of a husband who works in paid employment and a wife who looks after the home, living together with their children† according to Giddens, Anthony pg. 447. That’s not the case in many householdsRead MoreIf I DidnT Grow Up In The Middle Class . Growing Up In1441 Words   |  6 Pages If I Didn t Grow Up in the Middle Class Growing up in the city of Brook Park, a nice little suburb located in northeast Ohio. I never really imagined how life could be differently if I grew up in a different social class. Up to this point in my life, my family has mainly been a middle class family. Money isn t thrown around in my family like its nothing, but we ve had a very good living style due to the hard work of my parents. Many times growing up my parents always told me to be gratefulRead MoreWho Is The Best Friend?1690 Words   |  7 Pagesforever. Almost everyone has a best friend, and almost everyone is one. We all have one and the reason why they are our best friend is something you and the person would know. What made them stand out from everyone else and how they different from everyone else that you have met in the past. A best friend to me is a person who can always bring the best out of you and will always be there for you when times are worst or greatest. People would want their best friend to be something else of other peopleRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Growing Up1172 Words   |  5 PagesGrowing Apart There are so many great things about growing up. Like learning how to drive, being allowed to stay out late, or just being able to do things with your friends whenever you want. Something nobody ever tells you about growing up is that when it comes to friends, you either grow closer or grow apart. I was about seven years old when I met Chloe. Chloe had long blonde hair, blue eyes, and was as skinny as a rail. 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His motherless mother who lived in a rich neighborhood put him out at the age of 65. She told him that it was about that time he move out and start a life of his own. Shepherd the poor child, just could not imagine himself living anywhereRead MoreMy Favorite Disney Character : Peter Pan And Run Away1333 Words   |  6 Pageshard truth about growing up; one way or another, the process is just inevitable and we can’t really do anything about it. Though I for one really prefer to be like my favorite Disney character Peter Pan and run away to Neverland; a place where I would never have to grow up. But then we again experience the bitter taste of reality and grow up. Looking back now, I was so excited with of the thought of growing up, thinking it was â€Å"cool† and I could finally be able hang out with all my older cousinsRead MoreFriendship Rule And Relationship Ethics1367 Words   |  6 Pages Growing up I had a lot of friends through school. We had our own group of about 4-5 people. We hung out every chance we got and back then were really close. Like most childhood friendships we grew apart. I’ve had good friends from my childhood, but not a best friend. It wasn’t until the end of my deployment in Afghanistan that I met a guy who was soon to be my closest best friend. We started talking and realized we had a lot in common. Even when we were 1000 miles away from home, we had a lot of

Green Case Free Essays

1. What factors contributed to Andrew Keller starting the biodiesel business? Were you surprised at the reasons he gave for starting the business? Do you think the decision to start the business was wise? Why or why not? There were a number of factors that contributed to Andrew Keller starting the biodiesel business. Keller had always been concerned with the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Green Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was interested in coming up with a greener alternative to home heating and fueling. This was a business venture that not many had taken on so Keller felt that it was a good opportunity. There were also some very personal reasons that Keller started this business. Through a phone call one day, Andrew and his wife found out that they would be taking in three children. Keller knew he needed to do something in order to support them and this is why he took on this venture. Yes, some of his reasons he gave for starting the biodiesel business. I figured that his only reason for starting this business was to impact the Earth in a positive way. It was surprising to read the more personal reasons. I do feel that the decision to start the business was wise. Starting up this business caused him to take a huge risk but sometimes in life you have to do that. If you have a good idea, you need to just go with it because it can turn out to be really successful. 2. Discuss how Andrew Keller is a social entrepreneur. What do you think were his strengths in running the company? What do you see as his main weaknesses? Discuss an action that Andrew undertook that was both good for sustainability and the business. Discuss an action that Andrew undertook that may have been good sustainability but not good for the business. Andrew Keller was not as fortunate financially compared to other entrepreneurs. To many people, the time of the year when Keller started the business may not look very smart but it actually was. Keller’s goal was to test the market and try to get early customers. He learned greatly from this experience. This is known as the soft market entry approach. It gave him the chance to make improvements before the season for home heating began in the Northeast. Due to the fact that most people already have the fueling and heating company that they have made business with for years, it is hard to start up one. Keller was very smart when dealing with customers. In order for him to be successful, Keller needed to educate customers on his product and how it will benefit them. A major strength that helped Andrew with running his company is the relations he had with people. When opening a business, it is almost necessary to you to have connections and Keller definitely did. Another one of Keller’s strength was that he is great marketer. He was really good in finding ways to reach out to his customers. His main weakness has to be that he was more focused on how he was benefitting the environment and the social aspects of it rather than the profit he was making. He neglected the financial side of the business. An action Keller took that was both good for the sustainability and the business was when he started the Congreenience store. It promoted the sustainability for the company, educated more people, and brought much more business. Keller was always focused on doing the right thing for environment which was good for the sustainability but not always good for the business. He wasn’t very much focused on making profit. 3. Do you think that Andrew Keller is well suited to be a successful entrepreneur, why or why not? I do think that Andrew Keller has the potential to be a successful entrepreneur, but he does lack some qualities that are necessary for an entrepreneur to have. He definitely has the knowledge and skill but doesn’t really have the mindset that entrepreneurs should have. One of the main reasons Keller started this business is because he was concerned with the environment but in reality, it is not only about that. Keller should have been more concerned with the profit side. A successful entrepreneur is usually very much focused on becoming successful and making a lot of money and I think that Keller wasn’t really focused on that as much as he should have been. I do not think he is well suited enough to be a successful entrepreneur. He does have certain qualities that are good to have but he needs to be more aggressive with the business and not just the sustainability of the company. 4. What similarities do you think a sustainable business start up shares with a â€Å"normal business† start up? What differences do you think there are? Discuss an example of a business challenge that both Simply Green and a conventional fuel dealer share? Discuss an example of a business challenge that was unique to Simply Green and would not have impacted a conventional fuel dealer from the chapter. A sustainable business and a normal business have many financial similarities. They both start out needing capital. Also, they need to come up with a marketing strategy to plan how they are going to educate customers on their product. A business plan is also necessary in order to be successful and make profit. Differences include the fact that a sustainable business focuses on the sustainability of the environment and the company and a normal business does not do that. Unlike a normal business, a sustainable business looks for employees who care about the environment. A challenge that both Simply Green and a conventional fuel dealer share is the licensing and regulatory process of entering the fuel industry. Every fueling and heating company has to be regulated. A challenge that was unique to Simply Green and would not have impacted a conventional fuel dealer from the chapter is that Simply Green was entering a market that is very competitive and most people stay loyal to their fuel dealers for very long. Since Simply Green is a sustainable company, it is much harder for them to attract customers. Simply Green had to put it more effort when selling their product to customers. 5. Discuss the charitable actions that Simply Green took in regards to customer accounts from failed fuel businesses in a triple bottom line context. Was this a smart business move? Why or why not? Simply Green was known for serving the community and this is a way they built their customer base. Several fueling companies went out of business and Simply Green took it into their hands to service the customers of these companies who are now out of business. They helped people in need. This was definitely a smart move because all those companies’ customers were now Simply Green customers. For their charitable actions, they received an award as well. This made them more popular and brought them more business. 6. Explain how Andrew Keller used low cost public relations to educate potential customers and promote Simply Green. Simply Green used different types of marketing strategies and public relations to educate potential customers. Their main focus was to do this without spending too much money. They did this by going almost any place to talk to people and promote their product. Andrew Keller said, â€Å"We didn’t care if it was a first graders’ classroom that we were going to, we would go in and talk. † 7. Describe how you might use personal contacts to start a business venture. What would that involve? How would you start? What type of people would be most useful to draw on for information and resources when starting a sustainable business? When starting a business, it is always important to have connections. I would use personal contacts to start a business venture because you may know someone who knows someone and that is how you form connections. When starting a business, you need as much help and information you can get so you need to take advantage of people who you think may be able to provide that information. I would start by listing names of people who I think may have useful information for me. People who have already opened a business and been successful with it would be the most useful. Also, it is important to be willing to talk to anyone. As Andrew describes it, â€Å"it was important not to be afraid to ask people that might know somebody or that might have an in with somebody that might have information we were looking for. † How to cite Green Case, Essay examples

Management of Continual Improvement for Leadership - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Management of Continual Improvement for Leadership. Answer: Introduction In recent years there has been an upward trend in the safety and operational performance of IT operations. Safe, efficient operation is their goal. Continual improvement of the processes of organizations has led to enhanced performance and efficiency benefits such as cost reductions and improved cycle times. Many organizations have experienced significant cost improvement largely by or through better financial management and a common drive to reduce costs brought on by commercial pressures. Without the use of a structured methodology to identify and implement improvements, changes to an organization to reduce costs through cutting staff and activities could eventually fail to produce the desired changes and even have a negative effect on safety and overall performance (Baker and Newland, 2008). It is recognized that there are many different approaches and methods available in the marketplace to improve processes. Structured Approach for Continual Improvement A well-defined a structured approach to continuous improvement is necessary in order to improve the operations of any organization and it can be achieved only when there is support or encouragement from the top management. Leadership team sets the tone for the organization in terms of operational excellence and it is a top down exercise. It can be done by incorporating the continual improvement approach in the companys mission and vision. The vision and futuristic approach of a company plays an important role in deciding the different course of action for the company. Therefore, it can be a part of the companys vision and mission. Apart from that, most of the organizations now operate on the principle of management by objectives. As a result, efforts can be made to have a built in approach towards continuous improvement within the goals of each and every employee. A learning culture has to be created in order to enforce the agenda of continuous improvement in the organization. The di fferent aspects of improvement strategies and processes can be utilized in the day to day operations of a company so that it can lead to a sustainable and long term growth of the organization. A continuous process of reviewing and taking actions based on it also lead to the enactment of a continuous improvement culture within the organization (Hung and Tu, 2011). Therefore, these are the actions which can lead to a structured approach for continuous improvement in a company. Responsibilities of Senior Management Senior management or leadership is the most important stakeholder in establishing a continuous improvement culture in an organization. It sets the tone for the adoption of the continuous improvement and change principles in an organization together with an effort to implement the tools and procedures for improving the operations of the company. The actions of the leadership team can create the required motivation for the employees to take up initiatives which can lead to continuous improvement for the processes in the organization. In fact, in order to establish any process or change there is a large deal of coordination and alignment that is required among various departments and stakeholders, which is difficult to achieve by the efforts of only employees at the bottom of the pyramid. Therefore, the top management needs to take initiatives so that confidence is instilled within the organization about taking new continuous improvement initiatives. The culture of the organization also needs to be changed in order to bring in any continuous improvement process or tool. All these efforts can be done and achieved by the top management of any organization. Therefore, it is customary for the senior management of any organization to take the role of a bellwether in case of any continuous improvement initiative. Organizational Issues The vision and mission as well as the culture of the organization are already established in a company. However, whenever one tries to improve the operations of an organization through change management there are considerable amount of resistance from various quarters that need to be faced by the initiator of the change. Therefore, one needs to be judicious and ready to face the struggle in any organization with respect to change management and implementing difficult processes. These initiatives often shows result in the long term which can be the cause of considerable resistance among the employees in short term. Therefore, one needs to bring the people who are going to implement any change at the grass root level on board before going on with any big bang change. These are some of the tactics which should be used in case of the common challenges faced in an organization which trying to attain operational excellence. Factors in Team Management and Dynamics Any improvement in existing process requires change and change is not easily acceptable by the team members. Everyone likes to follow the set standards and processes. Therefore, there are certain terms which define each stage of the imprudent management. Forming: When project teams are organized, they expect standard processes to be followed. They have high expectations and anxiety for the new processes. Ice breaking sessions to bring the new change are required to introduce the requirement of change and its effect on the system. Team leader clarifies the doubts and expectations of improvement in the system. Initial few meetings are termed forming sessions (Bjrk, Boccardelli and Magnusson, 2010). Storming: at the storming stage, team members might show their anger for the slow progress and failure of team to produce the outputs. They may rebel against each other and can show their disappointment for the changes. Change in responsibilities and clarification of all doubts can help in consensus building. Norming: After successfully resolving the conflict issues, team will reach at the norming stage. In the norming stage, conflicts will be converted to harmony, support, respect and trust. Team members will become more open and helping towards each other. They will work as a team to achieve the new goals (Frezatti, 2004). Additional training can help to acquire new skills. Performing: Performing is the final stage where team members work with their best productivity level. They start achieving milestone and this boosts their confidence in the new system. IT services requires a longer time duration to achieve the results therefore, performing stage requires more time to achieve the desired goal. Personnel Considerations Associated with Continual Improvement Continuous improvement in the system requires change at personnel level as well. They need to acquire new skills and learn about new processes. They should also be ready to take new responsibilities. Team may hire new persons or can transfer some of the existing members. Impact on employees involved in the change management: Employees should have full confidence in the changes system that this is for their best benefit. Their opinion and views should be considered and respected. This will boost their confidence in the system and they will actively take part in improvement management (Leigh, 2004). The improvement in existing process might affect different employees in different manner. They may feel guilt, anger, commitment, acceptance or denial of new responsibilities. Leader of the change management should take all these factors into consideration and should provide best possible solution to the team. Recognizing employees for the improvement success: All the employees do not carry equal capabilities and behavior. They show different response to same situations. Management should select the employees based on their skills and ability to adopt changes. They should take into account the organizational culture and the employees culture. Employees who contribute to the improvement success should be recognized and should be rewarded in appropriate manner. They should be provided both monetary and non-monetary benefits. Honesty and Openness: The main objective of the improvement management is to identify the problems in existing system, inefficiencies, waste and analysis of new opportunities, and innovative ideas. Creating an environment of trust and honesty is required (McAdam, 2006). Management should share the objective of the change with the team. Employees must feel comfortable and secured in the new system. Professional as well as personal interest must be saved. Such kind of culture will make the employees adoptable to changes. Steps for the Process Improvement To implement the process to enhance the performance of an organization and to increase the productivity of the processes, it is required that no opportunities are missed out. It is required to follow the improvement management through step by step procedure. Steps shown in the following figure be followed. (Ramias, 2005) Step 1: In this step, goals of the process improvement are identified to avoid any deviation from the processes. All the goals are approved by all team members and management before taking the final approval from the quality team. Step 2: Change is not applicable for all the processes. It is required to analyse the scope of the improvement for the particular processes. All the stakeholders involved in the process of improvement should be considered before finalization of the improvement management. Step 3: The stage of the existing process should be analysed and based on which changes should be proposed. This will eliminate the chances of unnecessary changes and will also improve the efficiency of change management. Step 4: Improvement possibilities should be prioritize and their benefits should be quantized. This will provide an exact estimate of cost benefit analysis. Step 5: All the available options for change should be analyzed, whether they meet customer requirement or not, whether they are beneficial for the organization. All the options should be recorded and then properly analyzed and eliminate the unwanted options (Teruya, 2004). Step 6: Processes should be mapped properly so that in case of any difficulty, team can revert the change and can return to previous processes. Step 7: With the development of new processes, change manager should also plan implementation of new processes without affecting the product and the customers requirements. The new system should help the customers and should not create any trouble for them. Step 8: All the improved processes should be supported by the documents and user manuals. Process owner should take full responsibility of the improved processes. Step 9: After implementation of new processes, they should be monitored for a specific time period to resolve the problems if any. Success should be measured with proper parameters. Step 10: Lessons learnt from the new processes should be analyzed and examined to identify the problems faced and to devise the solutions for that. Step 11: At the end, improvement project should be closed formally after taking feedback from everyone. Continual Improvement Success It is required to publicize the successful completion of improvement processes and wins throughout the company by using print and electric media. This enhances the employees confidence in the system and improvement management processes. This also encourages employees to take part in such activities. This sets the example for future change in the processes and employees learn from such activities. Conclusion IT industry needs to change rapidly because of change in technology and customer requirements. Almost all the projects in an IT industry require modification in existing processes. A proper planning and strategy of change management is required to maintain progress of the existing processes and at the same time implement the new processes in the organization. This paper successfully discussed various issues related to change management in the organization along with the responsibilities of the senior management to deal with improvement in the organization. It also discussed various steps to be followed for change management along with factors affecting it. References Baker, R. and Newland, R. (2008). Continous quality improvement of perfusion practice: the role of electronic data collection and statistical control charts. Perfusion, 23(1), pp.7-16. Bjrk, J., Boccardelli, P. and Magnusson, M. (2010). Ideation Capabilities for Continuous Innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(4), pp.385-396. Frezatti, F. (2004). Beyond Budgeting: any chance for management improvement?. Brazilian Business Review, 1(2), pp.122-140. Hung, S. and Tu, M. (2011). Technological change as chaotic process. RD Management, 41(4), pp.378-392. Leigh, D. (2004). Improving performance improvement. Performance Improvement, 43(7), pp.1-2. McAdam, R. (2006). An integrated business improvement methodology to refocus business improvement efforts. Business Process Management Journal, 2(1), pp.63-71. Ramias, A. (2005). Process improvement. Performance Improvement, 44(3), pp.52-52. Teruya, S. (2004). Measuring performance improvement. A knowledge management perspective. Performance Improvement, 43(4), pp.33-39.